Weather Modification Technology (WMT)

Water is life, the daily activities of human life, water is needed for eating, drinking, bathing and so forth. In a broader sense, water needed by all creatures hankan to maintain and improve the quality of life. Water for agriculture and electrical energy is obvious where the water is necessary, God created the clouds and make rain so that humans and other creatures of God can continue establish their lives. However, the availability of water at a place not lasting. In some parts of the world where water availability becomes critical due increasing water demand, as a result of growth in the number population and industrial purposes. Humans destroy the natural balance with destroy the water bag is forest. As a result there is damage to the function of reservoir erosion versatile dependable supply water for electrical energy and agriculture. On the other side of the global natural phenomena such as El Nino is affecting the seasons and regional weather, so the impact to its anomaly occurs rainfall, which was also felt by tropical countries who normally have a large rainfall throughout the year. Reduced rainfall 5% of its normal course was very affecting agricultural production, especially when a strong anomaly occurred during more than 3 months. With these facts Man tried to modify the weather in order to reduce water demand pressures, as one of the disaster mitigation efforts anomaly caused by climate or season. 

Why WMT? In this new millennium, the water-related experts agree that water will become a source of new conflicts, in addition to petroleum. By Hence countries that control the weather setting technology will become a strong country. Only a small portion of the water vapor contained in the atmosphere is transformed into clouds that produce rain and fell to the ground. If it can be even more may fall into rain the potential benefits are very attractive. The ability to influence processes within the cloud has been demonstrated in the laboratory. Results review models, and field experimentation to support that in certain conditions, rainfall that comes out of a cloud can be improved. Due to the complexity of the specific processes in the atmosphere and cloud formation and rain development process, then the level of the addition of bulk rain from the results of field experiments at several places in the world varies. However, the World Meteorological Agency (WMO) said in a statement assign numbers increased rainfall using WMT for 1015 percent is an increase that can be used for planning in water resources management. In practice, this technology has unique properties, it does not require a permanent civil buildings, and environmentally friendly. When the implementation then there is a change amount of rainfall that has the potential to cause flooding, then the activity can be stopped. Products This technology is an additional form of additional rainfall or river flow has a high economic value, with the benefit to cost ratio (B / C) more than 20: 1.

How Natural Rain Happen? When water vapor rises lifted upward by convection activity or by the existence of barriers (mountains, hills), then at a certain level it condenses on CCN particles (aerosols) that a lot of flying in the air measuring 0.1 00:01 micron. Condensation processes take place effectively when the particles are hydrophilic or hygroscopic, because this process has to take place on humidity 70%, while if the particles are hydrophobic (do not hygroscopic) requires a more humid atmosphere that is more than 100%. Because it is hygroscopic since the condensation, turn into drops of liquid particles (droplets) and a collection of many droplets form clouds. If the humidity is still supported, especially in the layer below the cloud base condensation continues until the droplets reach a size of about 30 microns and is physically visible by the growing cloud. If in between the particles are large particles (Giant Nuclei, GN: 00:15 micron), then when most of the particles in the cloud only reached about 30 microns, he had already reached a size of about 4050 micron. In the fall he will move faster than the other and thus act as a "collector" as long as he tracks down pound other, smaller drops, join and become much larger. The process is repeated and re-propagate to all parts of the cloud. When the clouds are available but the process takes place GN autokonversi or chain reaction (Langmuir chain reaction) in the whole cloud, and began the process of cloud droplets in the, physically visible cloud base becomes darker. Rain down from the clouds when the collision and merger process, droplets can grow into a 1000 micron-sized drops of rain or more large. In certain circumstances particles with a spectrum of GN is not available, so the process can not take place rain or started, because collision and merger process does not occur. 

How to Increase Rainfall ? On the application to increase rainfall, attempts were made by adding particles hygroscopic in UGN spectrum (> 5 microns) into the clouds that are in the developing or mature phase so that the process could rain soon starting and developing extended throughout the cloud. The addition of particles with CCN spectrum is not necessary, because the particle spectrum. This has been provided by nature. Thus, clouds do not need to be made, because with the availability of CCN, clouds can form by itself when the humidity is enough. In certain circumstances, with the inclusion of hygroscopic particle size UGN into the cloud, then the process rain (collision and merging) can start earlier, longer duration of rain, clouds and rain in the region more widely, and the frequency of rain on higher ground. From this obtained additional rainfall. UGN-sized particle injection into the cloud provides two benefits at the same time, the first is streamline the process of collision and merging so that initiate (accelerate) the process of rain, and The second is to develop the process of rain to all areas within the cloud. 

Field Implementation 

Rain Making Preparation on Husein Satranegara Airport

C212-200 Rain Maker

 Several types of hygroscopic materials can be used, such as Urea, CaCl2, and NaCl (Sodium chloride). This material is finely ground, adding anti-clot material "fumed silica" as an additive as much as 0.5 3 % By weight. With a mix like this, so that when the particles do not agglomerate disseminated in the form of a single particle beraian. Milling with the conventional technique is generally able to produce hygroscopic particles on UGN spectrum, predominantly in areas larger than 30 microns. Materials that have been finely milled, packed in airtight plastic bags weighing 10 kgr. A total of 800 1000 kgr material loaded into the aircraft that are equipped with disposal funnel out, and flew toward the cumulus clouds growing, with characteristic: appearance of cauliflower-shaped, with base no higher than 5000 feet, and its peak is higher than 11 000 foot. The aircraft was asked to enter a cloud, and when he was in it, the material is released out. The position of the cloud should be located above the set targets of river, or are in an area upwind target, so that by the time, rain down on top of the target. The presence of clouds informed by postal observers, or sought during the flight. 

When is the best period to perform seeding? People mostly believe that cloud seeding should be done in the dry season, when water is much needed, while it's raining nature has been greatly reduced or no. Scientifically,  seeding clouds at the height of the dry season is not possible rain is expected to generate economic value, because in that period cumulus clouds are very limited or absent. The approach better integrate a tool of management of water resources held in the long term. Is better not do the seeding in dry conditions or not cloudy, to collect or maintain a reserve of water for purposes the future through additional additional rainfall or river flows into the reservoir, for further management. 

What is  WMTActivity Impact on Rain Water quality? This activity is environmentally friendly. Materials used for cloud seeding is also used to life harihari se. Urea is used in agriculture, Sodium Chloride numerous in the atmosphere as a result of the dynamics of sea water, and also used for cooking. CaCl2 used by people middle latitudes in the country to spread the way of highway in order to prevent formation of ice and snow. In terms of concentration, one grain of hygroscopic materials size 1050 micron experience dilution up to a million times when a 2000 micron-sized drops of rain. Results of analysis of rain water during several times a WMT activity has been shown that rainfall and water quality parameters still safe for use in daily life. 

Knowing How to Increase Precipitation? The level was based on the addition or estimated using a regional approach to the control (comparison) that are outside the target area and not contaminated with resist seedlings are released, as well and has the characteristics of rainfall are strongly correlated with regional rainfall target. In the target area and control measurement of rainfall, so the average rainfall can be expressed for these two regions during WMT ties take place, respectively namely TU, and KU. Hourly rainfall and the control target is used to build model of simple regression T = ak + b, so that by knowing the average rainfall in the control (K), it can be presumed size of the target area rainfall (T) if not done tritmen cloud seeding. The amount of the difference between rainfall measured at the target area with rainfall allegations stated as a result of additional rainfall (TCH) :TCH = TU T, This approach is used by many users or consultants appointed worldwide users to evaluate the activities of the WMT. The approach can also be done with the river flow statistics.