2D Mode
2-dimensional coordinate system for positioning the use of at least 3 satellites visible.
3D Mode
3-dimensional coordinate system for positioning using 4 or more satellites visible.
Acquisition time
The time required for the GPS receiver to the starting position with the satellite signal . Generally, four satellites to determine the 3D location, and three satellites to determine location of 2D.
Active Feet
Active navigation route of travel.
Almanac Data
Data sent through the GPS satellites, including satellite orbit position, cluster, and other information. Almanac data increase the search speed satellite by the GPS receiver.
Anti Spoofing
To prevent the acceptance and use of code-P by a third party in the wrong way to send information through the P-code modulated. United States Defense Department from receiving such information.Auto Clock
Is a precision clock that uses sesium or element rubidium. Error margin is estimated to be one second for every million years.
Beacon
Nondirectional transmission station is mounted to improve the accuracy of GPS positioning. Used to calibrate the GPS pseudo distance, where the transmission station is located. If the GPS receiver located in the area that can receive and utilize this data, the positioning accuracy can be improved.
GPS Satellite emit a standard position signal for use by the public. These include the time and positioning information to GPS receivers value is accurate to about 100m.
Normal Initiation
A GPS receiver must execute a series of tasks at the time of initiation system initialization, for example downloading almanac data. This process is also called initialization .
Control Segment
Surface consists of a supervisor station is used to track and control the satellite operation. Its main function is to calibrate and maintain parameters required for the normal operation of each satellite, so that each satellite can send the right message to the receiver user.
Coordinate
The format for displaying a set of numbers that describe your location on Earth.
Universal Time Coordinated (UTC)
In 1986, Greenwich Mean Time established as the world standard time. This assessment is based on atomic measurements rather than based on the rotation of the earth. Greenwich Mean Time is still the most basic standard time (longitude zero). Time is saved by the GPS satellites.
Layer
A direction as measured from the starting point to end point (measured by degrees, radians, or miles)
Layer Deviation Indicator (CDI)
During the navigation, to prevent excessive deviation from the layer, layer width can be adjusted, namely by enabling features of the CDI. On the ship or aircraft that deviate from the boundary width, the GPS will automatically be issued a warning and displays the distance that has been distorted from the route.
Original layer (CMG)
Relative direction as measured from the starting point to your current location.
Layer on the surface (COG)
Direction of relative motion at the surface.
Layers for the Steering
The direction that should be maintained to achieve the intended destination.
Cross Lanes Error (XTE / XTK)
Distances are distorted from the initial layer regardless of their direction.
Datum
Mathematical model designed specifically for computing the earth's surface. Certain geodetic coordinate system using latitude and longitude reference.
Target Impressions (DTK)
Beginning and end of the compass direction between the point of passing.
Differential GPS (DGPS)
A technology to improve the accuracy of GPS precision. This technology can reduce selective interference, pause transmission and other negative effects. This technology also can reduce the error satellite positioning accuracy up to 10 meters.
The weakening of Precision (DOP)
If the quality of reception and geometric shapes of satellites received and the user inter-related and has a huge influence, an error resulting from these factors is called the attenuation factor precision. This situation is categorized as follows: GDOP (Geometric DOP), PDOP (position DOP), HDOP (horizontal DOP), VDOP (vertical DOP) and TDOP (DOP time).
DOD
United States Department of Defense, the agency that oversees the GPS system.
Elevation
The average vertical distance from sea level.
Ephemeris
Satellite positioning data and time information as part of the satellite data messages; set ephemeris apply within a few hours.
Estimated Position Error (EPE)
Errors resulting from the use of DOP and satellite signal for estimating the horizontal direction.
Estimated Time Route (ETE)
Estimated time to destination by using the current speed.
Estimated Time Arrival (ETA)
Estimated time to destination.
Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites that circulate around the Arctic region. This system consists of six lanes, with outstanding satellite at an altitude of about 20,200 km. It takes 12 hours for the satellite to circle the earth, which provides the correct information for the user receiver. We also can call the system NAVSTAR.
GLONASS
Russian global satellite positioning system.
Greenwich Mean Time
This technology is used to calculate the time from other places on Earth by using the prime meridian that passes through Greenwich, England. This term can also be called Universal Time Coordinated.
Lattice
General spatial diagram that consists of vertical and horizontal lines. On the map, this lattice will form a rectangular area. Lattice can be used when making a point between.
I / O (Optional interface)
Specifications for GPS data transfer interface in one direction or two directions with another device, for example, navigation plotter, autopilot and other GPS devices.
Initialization
If the GPS receiver turned on and has determine a position for the first time, next time turn on again, the GPS receiver will use satellite orbit data previously saved, and also the position of the last shutdown time from the receiver to receive and quickly calculate the coordinates of your current location without the need for a long time to wait for satellite information.
Reverse Route
To return to the starting point, a route is configured with the destination point as a new starting point, and the initial point of origin as a new destination point.
Frequency L1
One of the two types of bearer radio channel is transmitted through the GPS L; frequency of 1575.42 MHz L1 with a wavelength of 19cm. L1 modulated with two types of interference sem-random code is called by the code C / A-code and P, as well as satellite information at 50 bps.
L2 Frequency
One of the two types of bearer radio channel L is transmitted through the GPS; L2 frequency of about 1227.60 MHz with a wavelength of 24cm. L2 only P-code modulation, and satellite information at speeds of 50 bps.
Latitude
The location north or south of the equator as measured by 0-90 degrees. Every minute of latitude equals 1 nautical mile.
Leg (Route)
The route or path from the origin to destination, each point is the point between, and parts in between the two points between called the foot.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
The display that uses liquid crystal module in a changing electric field to produce images. When an electric current through the liquid crystal module, the molecular composition will change and produce a centralized imaging. The screen technology is called the LCD screen.
Local Area Augmentation System (Laas)
Supports differential GPS when terrestrial plane landed. (20-mile distance).
Longitude
Distance is measured from the prime meridian in the east or west (measured in degrees). Prime Meridian is the longitude that passes through Greenwich, England, from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Search System Radio Direction Distance (Loran)
Magnetic North
This is magnetic north, as observed in needle-based magnetic compass.
Magnetic Variation
Because it can affect Earth's magnetic field in the change of planetary movement, the magnetic compass can cause errors. Is the deviation of magnetic north from true north, which is usually about 3 degrees to the west.
Map View
Use the map to display the geographic area and characteristics of the location.
Multiplex Receiver Unit
Is one GPS receiver technology . Channel used to receive signals from multiple satellites berangkai. These conditions provide a low-accuracy positioning, and also vulnerable to the effects of dark in the forest.
Multilane
This term refers to the effect multilane carrier signal from the GPS receiver produced by the refraction of the barrier in the vicinity. When GPS signals are transmitted and received by the antenna via two or more lanes, a condition called multilane effect.
Sea mile
Is a unit of length for air and sea navigation. 1 nautical mile is equivalent to 1852 meters.
Navigation
The direction and path that determines the movement. Movement activities can be either a plane, boat, car, walking or other similar activities.
Navigation Message
Each unit contains a GPS receiver system time, clock calibration parameters, the model parameters ionospheric pause, ephemerism satellite and other data. This information can be used to process the user's GPS time, location and speed, and also referred to as digital data.
NAVSTAR
Is the official name given by the U.S. government for the GPS satellite system. NAVSTAR Range and Time short for satellite navigation.
NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association)
U.S. standards committee responsible for determining the data structure, content and communication protocols boat and the GPS receiver.
NMEA 0183
A standard data communication protocol used by the GPS receiver, another type of device navigation and marine electronics equipment.
North-Up Display
The top of the display screen on the GPS receiver called the north.
Parallel Channel Receiver Unit
Acceptance of sustainable composite channel used to receive satellite signals continuously.
Code Code-P-P
GPS is accurate (or protected) - a long string of pseudo-random code phase-modulated double through 10.23 MHz GPS carrier wave that repeats every 267 days. Each GPS satellite P-code is specific only in a particular week, and is reset each week.
Pixels
Is the basic unit that forms the LCD screen. The more pixels, the higher the resolution.
Sure Position
The GPS receiver has calculated the geographical coordinates of the location.
Position Format
Method performance is determined by the position of the GPS receiver on the screen. In general, displayed in degrees and minutes, but can also display degrees / minutes / seconds, or just a degree, or another type of lattice coordinates.
Prime meridian
Is zero degrees longitude. As a reference for measuring longitude on the east or west. Main meridian through Greenwich, England.
Pseudo-Random Code
One of binary digits; like noise in nature. The important thing from this is that the binary sequence has a minimum value of auto correlation, with the exception of leg Zero.
Pseudo Range
Left displacement must copy the code GPS receivers, and then compile them with the code GPS receiver unit (correlated). When the transfer is the difference between the time measured in time units and the time of the satellite receiver.
Radio Technical Committee for Maritime Services (RTCM)
Is an international organization that is responsible for developing communication protocols between the GPS receiver and a variety of radio beacons, including DGPS Broadcast Protocol.
Route
Formed by a number of points between navigation commands based on your target route, which can be inserted sequentially into the GPS receiver for navigation purposes.
Sky Search
Is the message that is displayed when the GPS receiver to search the sky to get satellite signals that can be used.
Selective Availability (SA)
Selective Availability (SA) U.S. Defense Department is random noise that is used to reduce the accuracy of GPS positioning to a radius of 100m. This disruption is temporary, with no definite duration and can not be controlled. The main consideration was the national security.
Space Segment
Part of the satellite global positioning system intact.
Speeds above the surface (SOG)
Is the real speed of the GPS device relative to the surface . Difference in sea and air velocity can occur due to the influence of sea and wind conditions. For example, an aircraft flying at 120 knots in 10 knots of wind speed which has a surface speed of only 110 knots.
Army Mile
Units of length measurement is used in the United States and the countries that speak English. One mile is equivalent to 5280 feet or 1760 yards (1609 meters).
Straight-line navigation
Is the most direct distance from one point to another point of doing the round.
Is a special feature of Garmin GPS products that allow you to return to the home position of the current location.
Trace Display On
The direction of movement is always displayed at the top of the screen.
Impressions (TRK)
Current direction of travel relative to the position of the surface (same as COG).
Triangulation
When the satellite is in orbit, a set of coordinates that represent its location is always available (value unknown). The coordinates of the GPS receiver is not known. When the satellite to send information, the time that has elapsed time represents the difference between the clock on the satellite and the clock in the GPS receiver. Multiplying the difference this time with the radio transmission speed (the speed of light) to calculate the distance between the satellite and the user receivers. With the trigonometric relationships, a series of formulas can be calculated.
Actually North
North Pole is the direction of Earth. North magnetic compass will measure the Earth with little deviation due to the influence of a magnetic field. GPS devices are able to rectify this error.
Flip (TRN)
Corrections should be made at this time to restore the route towards the initial goal.
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
International time standard common to use Greenwich Mean Time as the reference point, also called Greenwich Mean Time or time Zulu.
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Projective coordinate system in the world, measuring the distance from the North to the East by using the reference point to obtain the display format. UTM is the primary coordinate system used by the United States Geological Survey topographic map .
U.S.C.G.
United States Coast Guard; in particular are responsible for providing assistance for all maritime navigation the United States, also provide differential GPS.
User Interface
Is a method used by GPS receiver to transfer information to the user. Data exchange is done through the display screen and keypad on the receiver.
User Segment
Global satellite positioning system that includes a GPS receiver.
Current speed (VMG)
Effective speed of the correct route.
Point between
Point locations can be stored and recognized in the GPS receiver.
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
Provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) United States to improve the accuracy of the GPS receiver.
WGS-84
Geodetic system used is the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84). WGS-84 is the international geodetic coordinate system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense and is a protocol Earth coordinate system.
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